Don’t Blame the Eater Essay

In his article â€Å"don’t blame the eater† Zinczenko blames the food industry for the obesity epidemic. Zinczenko opens his articles with a personal story about growing up eating fast food because his parents split up, his mom had to work and he had no other options. He goes on to give statistics on childhood diabetes due to obesity. Zinczenko then insists that â€Å"complicating the lack of alternatives is the lack of information about what exactly we’re consuming. over all Zinczenko is advocating changes in the fast food industry because he believes there is a direct link between obesity, monies spent on fast food advertising and the costs of health care. I agree with Zinczenko that the fast food industry needs to change by as Zinczenko put it â€Å"providing the nutrition information people need to make informed choices about their products†. However I question his claim of not blaming the eater & that the food industry is to blame for today’s rate of childhood obesity. After all I do believe as Zinczenko states â€Å"shouldn’t we know better than to eat two meals a day in fast food restaurants? † Growing up my parents divorced and, like Zinczenko, I was a latch key kid. Everyday my parents made sure my brother and I had lunch for school and dinner that night. As a parent today I understand the pressure of taking care of things, kids, school, work, extracurricular activities, laundry, making dinner and then trying to squeeze in quality time with the family and possibly a social life. With all that going on we always have a choice. I make my family and what they eat a priority, so I make it a point to buy health easy snacks like fruit, yogurt, cheese sticks, and granola bars. Don’t get me wrong we buy and eat cookies, and on a Friday night dinner is takeout. But the rest of the week I make it a priority to cook and eat at home. This means planning ahead, it may mean I cook in advance during a really busy week, we will have leftovers once a week and the crockpot at times is my best friend. I do it because the health of my family is important to me and I choose not to feed them fast foods. Over all I believe it is the responsibility of the individual and the parents of children to make the right choices and to educate themselves and their children about making the right choices and typo educate themselves and their children about healthy eating habits. Hopefully with education and the help of government regulations we can help guide people into making better choices and help fight disease due to obesity, after all as Zinczenko said â€Å"the problem isn’t just there’s – it’s all of ours. â€Å"

Belonging Essay – the Crucible

Some people will go to extraordinary lengths to achieve a sense of belonging; whether it to be a group, culture or city, some people will try anything. Techniques such as stage directions, hamartia, and dialogue are used in the set text Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible† to display belonging and not belonging. Other techniques such as symbolism and camera shot are used to exhibit belonging and not belonging in the supplementary text Your Favorite Martian’s â€Å"Zombie Love Song† film clip. In Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible†, stage direction is used to demonstrate belonging and not belonging. This technique is used throughout the text to show both belonging and not belonging, stage direction shows the audience, what the characters are doing, such as their movements and emotions about what has happened. Without stage direction the characters would appear motionless and with a blank face. Examples of this technique can be seen throughout the text, but only some demonstrate belonging or not belonging. An example of when it is demonstrating not belonging is in the first scene of Act one when Tituba is about to talk, in parentheses it says that she is already moving backward, like she already knows she isn’t wanted. Another example of how stage direction is used is when Abigail and John are alone together, in Betty’s room. In the beginning the stage direction leads us to believe that they belong together, then it quickly turns around and it is evident that they do not through the use of stage direction. These examples are how stage direction is used to demonstrate belonging and not belonging in Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible†. Hamartia is used in Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible† to reveal not belonging. This technique is used throughout act one and two to show that John Proctor doesn’t belong with Abigail, hamartia shows the audience the fatal flaw within John’s personality that consequences in him not belonging. An example of how hamartia is used to reveal not belonging is also when John and Abigail are alone together. John’s flaw is that he has lusted after Abigail, and because of this he now feels like he doesn’t belong with either his wife or Abigail. This is apparent as he shy’s away from Abigail when she tries to get closer. Another example is when he is at home with his wife and straight away we can tell that they do not feel at ease with each other because of his lust for Abigail. These examples are how Hamartia is used to reveal not belonging in Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible†. In Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible†, dialogue is used to expose belonging and not belonging. This technique is obvious through the entire text as this is what and how people talk to each other. Dialogue shows the audience how the characters feel about each other through their words and particularly how they say them. An example of how dialogue exposes not belonging is also when Tituba is first speaking, Parris yells at her â€Å"Out of here! † and she says something back then he yells again â€Å"Out of my Sight! Out of my – â€Å". The next example of how Dialogue exposes belonging is also when john and Abigail is alone. The dialogue of the two characters highlight their belonging together, when only looking at what their saying. They stop belonging together when he says â€Å"child† then an argument starts which displays a sense of not belonging. These examples are how Dialogue is used to expose not belonging in Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible†. Symbolism is used in Your Favorite Martian’s â€Å"Zombie Love Song† film clip to display belonging. This technique is predominant in the middle of the text when the two characters are chatting online. Symbolism shows the audience, when referring to this text, how the characters interact with each other before they actually meet in person. Examples of this technique can be found when the characters are chatting online, the use of hearts to symbolise love is evident. Another symbol is when they use themselves as emoticons and dance with each other, this symbolises that they can be together when one character is not even breathing. Also there is another example of symbolism is when, while chatting online, the zombie is chasing two people and then stopped when seeing the girl, and then gives her a flower which turns her into a zombie which symbolises that they should be together. These examples are how symbolism represents belonging in the supplementary text â€Å"Zombie Love Song† In Your Favorite Martian’s â€Å"Zombie Love Song† film clip camera shots are used to present not belonging. This technique is used throughout the text but does not present not belonging until later in the text. Camera shot shows the audience what is happening, without proper camera shot the audience could miss out what is happening, but since this is a cartoon it has perfect camera shot. Not belonging that is presented by camera shot is given by examples when the female character is running away. When she opens the door to find a zombie, the camera is zooming in to give a close up of the zombie’s face when it smiles, the camera goes back to the girl’s face when she screams and runs away. While she is running away the camera zooms out from a mid-shot to a long shot to emphasise how far and fast she is running away. She runs to the back door and the zombie is there, the process is repeated twice to emphasise how much the zombie doesn’t belong. These examples are how camera shot represents not belonging in the supplementary text â€Å"Zombie Love Song†. In conclusion belonging and not belonging is represented in various ways in many different texts. Varied techniques are used to represent the belonging and not belonging. In Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible† Stage direction and dialogue are the main technique used while hamartia is hardly used, only with one character and mainly only in the first two acts. In Your Favorite Martian’s â€Å"Zombie Love Song† symbolism is more predominant than camera shot in representing belonging or not belonging.

Art 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Art 2 - Essay Example Bill Violoa’s â€Å"The Greeting† was an attempt to put Pontormo’s â€Å"The Visitation† on video. In order to bring a picture to life through video, Violoa’s scene begins with two women that after a few minutes are interrupted by a third. In Violoa’s work, the first woman is middle-aged, the other younger, while the third woman is a friend of the older woman. The third woman embraces the woman she knows, leaving out the other woman. However, after a moment of awkwardness, the three make small talk. All of this is an inference, since there is no sound at all. Everything on the video had to be interpretive through gestures and expressions. Like with â€Å"The Visitation†, â€Å"The Greeting† can be interpreted as friends visiting. The painting and video only have more meaning, if the viewer is familiar with the Biblical story of Mary and Elizabeth. Both Pontormo and Violoa use their imaginations to portray this event. Violoa used Pontormo’s idea to begin with, but then the video becomes his own. Still art has limitations that the medium of video does not have. Violoa could use more gestures and expressions to depict his thoughts, whereas Pontormo only had the medium of oil and a still depictation. Both Pontormo and Violoa’s art are unique and individual, while of the same subject. Urban infrastructure must be sustainable. Architecture must make urban infrastructures sustainable, whether New York City, Austin, or Tokyo. Every urban infrastructure must have architects build public transports (buses, subways, roads, tracks), efficient buildings (green buildings, energy efficient), low impact development to protect water resources, parks, energy demanded managements. Urban infrastructure can destroy natural resources needed to live, like trees, water, and wildlife. Pollution can be a problem. Good architecture can cut these problems down to manageable levels. Architects build more than

How does hierarchy within animation and manga production influence the Essay

How does hierarchy within animation and manga production influence the contents and stories of manga and anime - Essay Example During that time, the word manga was used to describe drawings. The present form of manga originated from America during the times of comic trips in the beginning of the 20th century (Schodt 1996: 22). Japan saw a big difference and impact of the American culture with amusing books and films being brought to entertain the occupation forces. After the World War II, new artist in the animation are sprouted in japan. These artists changed the manga rebranded it to new style to help television animation in Japan. Tekeza –artists- initially influenced by the Disney animations created a popular manga that was appealing to all ages. They created a broad variety of work from children to adult stories with moral heroes and peep plots. Among the Tezuka’s famous jobs of the time are Jungle Empire and Astro Boy. As the spirit of evolution of animation continued to rock Japan, a quality animation by Japanese animator Hayao Miyazaki took over the market scene of animation. The film S pirited Away won her an Oscar due to the quality art work and the controversy of the female heroes in a society which is male dominated. Japanese animation (anime) and the comics (manga) have increasingly become popular in many countries. This is because the Japanese animation and comics have a different style to the other styles. The anime and the manga cover for all the categories of animation and contain genres that range from child to adult. The words animation, animator and animated are all derived from a Latin word ‘’animare† which means to give life to a nonliving thing. In the contest of video film, the word commonly refers to the act of artificial formation of impression of movement in animated forms and lines. Therefore, in definition the word means the practice of making an impression of movement which has been indirectly recorded in the convectional photographic sense from a film made by hand. However, it ought to be noted that this

Criminal Justice Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Criminal Justice - Coursework Example The social control is often maintained in the criminal justice system to pave the way for orderly and crime free societies. Criminal justice agency mandated by the United States government to exhibit criminal justice is the U.S. department of justice (DOJ’s). This department ensures that all the societal norms are followed to the later. In cases of anomie or normlessness, the criminal law pursuit always takes its course to ensure order is fully restored in all systems in the society. Justice concept of the criminal justice system provides for freedoms and rights of the criminals (Schmalleger 46). Detention before trial is against the criminal justice laws. Taking more days before trial as well is against this law’s pursuit. Lastly, all the criminals are always innocent until proved guilty by the DOJ’s agencies. In summary, the criminal justice system is one of the key role players in a society’s cohesion and integration. The United States criminal justice system is indiscriminative thus exercises enacted laws equally to all the races in the society. The criminal justice ensures there is a universal application of jurisdiction in all the intended societal criminal activities. Through criminal justice, the societies live harmoniously as normless behaviours are highly regulated. These, therefore, are some of the important roles played by criminal justice systems in the United

Flag-Draped Coffins from Iraq Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Flag-Draped Coffins from Iraq - Essay Example Whatever the costs of this war, however gruesome its details; the American people should know the real cost of this war. The Bush administration claims that its decision to forbid news organization from publishing pictures of war dead at military bases is not new. It argues that this has been the policy of administrations since the first Gulf War in 1991. The purpose of this decision it claims is to protect the feelings of the families of the victims. Scott McClellan the White House press secretary had stated that those who had made the greatest sacrifice in the service of the country should be honored and shown the greatest respect. And this she said is the president's primary concern. The administration Kathy Moakler, deputy director of government relations at the National Military Family Association, emphasized that the only purpose in banning publication of pictures of military dead being brought back to the country was to protect the privacy of the families who had lost a loved one. "At the devastating time [of loss], being sensitive to the families is what needs to be done," she said. (Madore) Another reason the administration cited for its objection to the publication of pictures of war-dead, was that this would be depressing to the families involved and attenuate the sacrifice our troops are making in the service of the country. The administration also stated that its objection to the publication by news agencies of photographs of flag-draped coffins was in keeping with the sentiments of the mourning families. It claimed that such publication invariably led to the invasion of the privacy of these families. The News Media Has its Own Conviction The news media has its own conviction. It is of the view that the American public has the prerogative to also know the cost of this war in terms of American lives. Besides the Freedom of Information Act of 1966, gives the American public the right to information relating to the operations of federal agencies. 3 It reasons that reporters in the actual field of battle are given unbridled access to the war. This being the case, it claims that the administration's ban on the publication of photographs of war-dead is its attempt to censor crucial war images. The news media claims that the policy of administrations on such matters has not been consistent. And in support of this it cites the instance of President H. W. Bush allowing media coverage of war-dead being brought back home from Panama and other wars in which the US was involved, but banned it during the first Gulf war. It also states that in 2000 the Clinton administration allowed publication of photographs of the victims of the terrorist attack on the warship USS Cole. It contends that the ban of 1991 was the consequence of some TV networks simultaneously airing split screen images of the then-president laughing in one portion, and coffin ceremonies of Gulf war I, in another. This time around the imposition of the ban on photograph publication was the Government's desire for secrecy. The news media contends that pictures of dead servicemen were being published as "a

Analysis using IS-LM model Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis using IS-LM model - Article Example These are considered to be the vital ingredients of an economy; therefore, a change in each would lead to an effect in the economy, as either an economic turmoil or a positive encounter. According to the Globe and Mail, China has been on the frontline in making an economic improvement in each subsequent year. The country has been improving in its economy with each passing year, growing to be the second world’s biggest economy. This is a positive approach to the country’s economy, as it has stipulated methods of growth. Since 2009, the country has recorded its ever first lowest decline in economic growth. The country’s economic growth dropped from an average of 8.1% to a low of 7.6%. This was an occurrence that proved that the country’s economic growth would further deteriorate if not approached with the best economic measures. The economy had to encompass economic strategies that would revive its economic growth to a better position, just like the previous years. Therefore, the second biggest world’s economy would have to improve its approach towards economic growth to resuscitate the economic turmoil. The economic redundancy in the china republic could be explained by the IS-LM curve in a number of ways, which are closely related to the economy. First, the economic decline was forced due to the stagnant real estate investments. Many people had acquired investments in real estates, with a focus of making an increase in their investments. In many countries, real estate is considered a highly viable investment. Therefore, many people have been compelled o increase their investments in the sector, including the china economy. However, the supply for real estate escalated, while the demand remained the same. With such a prevalent situation in the market, there were little tradeoffs between the real estate owners and the buyers. This led to a reduction in the interest rates as most of the owners had to

To what extent was the involvement of Winston Churchill during the Essay

To what extent was the involvement of Winston Churchill during the invasion of Gallipoli ultimately responsible for its failure - Essay Example obsolete and not much use for a battle against the High Seas Fleet, the operation would make no difference to the numerical superiority of the Royal Navy. The failure of its execution nearly destroyed his political career, and tarnished his reputation in the eyes of many contemporaries. For Great Britain, June 1940 was turning into one of the worst months of its modern history. After the swift fall of Belgium, Holland and France via the German Blitzkrieg, the British found themselves completely alone in confronting what seemed to be the invincible war machine of the Third Reich. Many asked themselves at this time whether Winston Churchill, who had only been Prime Minister for a few weeks, was the right person to lead the nation at such a difficult time. In his favour he had his unbreakable faith in victory and unmatched political experience. Nevertheless, there were those who remembered his stubbornness and adventurous character during the First World War, and were convinced that he had led the United Kingdom to spectacular failure at Gallipoli: but was Churchill truly to blame for that defeat? In the Autumn of 1914, barely three months after the beginning of the First World War, the land war had reached a stalemate on the Western Front.1 On the Eastern Front there were signs that the Germans would eventually defeat Russia, especially after Turkey blocked off supplies from Britain and France. After the First Battles of the Marne and Ypres, the Schlieffen Plan, which was supposed to open the route to Paris in the same way that it had been achieved in 1870, had failed.2 In its place there was the beginning of a war of attrition which promised to be long and difficult, and which used up all the resources of the combatants. Its symbol was to be trench warfare in which thousands of men would die for each disputed inch of ground. Bloody attrition in which the battles would end with hardly any change to the position of the Front. The various High Commands

Policy Process Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Policy Process Paper - Essay Example pts are presently being made to counteract the serious problems associated discrimination with youth justice and the following will explore how ending discrimination within the youth justice system can improve the overall operation of the criminal justice system. Discrimination is often described as the prejudicial treatment of others based upon certain real or perceived characteristics. It is generally done on the basis of race, colour, sex, age, language, sexual orientation, religion and disability. Negative terminology within the Youth Service System can lead to discrimination and ensuing levels of oppression towards youth. Labeling is a negative term which means defining someone based upon their appearance or behaviour (real or perceived). A young man with a Mohawk haircut could be labeled as a punk or skinhead solely based on the style of his hair. From a youth justice perspective, a young black man may be subject to more stops and searches by police, and be labeled as more likely to engage in crime, due to the colour of his skin (the UK’s Home Office reports that black and Asian men were more likely to be stopped and searched by police than their white counterparts, see Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System, 2006). Discrimination within the Youth Justice System can take a variety of forms. Visible minority youth (black, Asian or other) may be subject to more random police stop and searches, may be less likely to be cautioned by a magistrate and may face higher rates of incarceration. In a study commissioned to look at race and the criminal justice system – not solely the youth system – it was determined that although black residents account for 2% of the population aged 10 and over in England and Wales, their rates of incarceration stand at 12% of the total prison population. This is a whopping and disproportionate 600% increase relative to their total population size! Accordingly, black and Asians are more likely than whites to be

Fire Safety Essay Example for Free

Fire Safety Essay The entire casualty of a fire to a society may be equal to all the fire hazards in the society; this would comprise of the buildings, agriculture, transportation, and so on. A lot of factors contribute to the total cost. With regards to the damage caused by the fires we have, definitely, the direct casualty of life, harm and the real economic losses due to the occurrence of fire. There are indirect or important outcomes because of the disorder of amenities, loss of trade, and means of employment. There is also community distress and unease, specifically the subsequent chief catastrophes and the cost of any hassle caused. The outlay of fire safety procedures includes costs meant for fire prevention, fire control when they occur, and extenuating their direct and indirect aftermath. This comprises the cost of services such as the fire contingent, fire indemnity, and an extensive part of building power or other variable measures (Rasbash, 2004). The Nature of the Fire Hazard The hazard of fire is the result of unrestrained, exothermic responses, particularly involving natural resources and air. It is predominantly connected with flammable materials and energy resources utilized by people in daily life. Although fire intimidates both the living and their property, and its management costs much disbursement, the danger must be situated against the advantage achieved from these properties so that an unbiased view can be attained. Furthermore, existing principles are greatly reliant on the utilization of buildings. The additional risk when fires happen in an enclosed space, by means of the increased temperature and smoke being trapped rather than moving comparatively safely upward, requires being located against the essential worth of using buildings. It then follows that one cannot, in general abolish the danger of fire, although one can lessen it to an adequately low intensity by appropriate design measures (Kiurski, 1999). Major Fire Hazard Areas Loss and damage caused by fire can occur anytime activity happens. Maybe the most common setting for such activity is inside buildings. Such incorporate both domestic and nondomestic grounds, and the latter can expand to a broad array of tenure, such as various factories, establishment structures where there are particular dangers to the community, these includes areas of open assemblies and spaces where people sleep, like hotels and hospitals. Business occupancies broaden further than building structures to take in mines, process plants within open, offshore mechanisms, agricultural harvests, and forestry. Lastly there is an entire variety of amenities for highway, rail, marine, and air transportation even lengthening in current period to satellites and space sections. For most of these danger zones, a substantial and expensive fire incidence conditions has built up over the time being and has known to widespread necessities for fire safety. In the world of fire insurance, particular danger locations are regularly called â€Å"risks† (Rasbash, 2004). The Chemistry of Fire Fire is basically a chemical reaction that involves the rapid oxidation of combustible material or fuel, with the subsequent liberation of heat and light. In a typical community, all the elements essential for fire to begin are present – fuel, heat or ignition source, and oxygen (air). However, recent research suggests that fourth factor is present. This factor has been classified as a reaction chain in which burning continues and even action of the molecules from the material burning with the oxygen in the atmosphere. Fires have been divided into four classes based in the nature of combustible material and requirements for extinguishment: Class A: usual flammable solid equipment, such as paper, wood, plastic, and fabric. Class B: flammable liquids/gases and combustible petroleum products. Class C: electrical apparatus that are keyed up or energized. Class D: combustible/reactive metals, such as magnesium, sodium, and potassium (Bishop, Fody, Schoeff, 2004). Fire Extinguishment and Inhibition The most basic and most efficient approach on hand to the architect to guarantee fire safety is to avoid fires from starting, that is fire prevention. If this tactic is successful, then there is no need even to attempt any other fire safety measure. Prevention of ignition and the limitation of the fuel available are the twin methods of fire prevention. In scheming to lessen the explosion danger, there are two things the architect has to do: firstly plan out the assumed explosion danger or causes; and secondly, to facilitate the infrastructure to be controlled in such an approach that the danger of explosion is get rid of. The actual design against the risk and the design to permit management against the risk must be seen together. The first necessity for the designer is an understanding of the most likely ignition risks in the particular building type under construction: it is essential to know your enemy if it is going to be defeated. Probably the most common cause of ignition, and certainly the hardest to design against, is human carelessness. Almost all fires started by smoking materials or matches could be avoided, and yet these are one of the major causes of domestic fires and consequent loss of life. Similarly, the continuing high incidence of fires concerned with cookers and stoves are normally due to human carelessness (Stollard Abrahams, 1999). Types and Applications of Fire Extinguishers Just as fires have been divided into classes, fire extinguishers are divided into classes that correspond to the type of fire to be extinguished. Be certain to choose the right type – using the wrong type of extinguisher may be dangerous. For example, do not use water on burning liquids or electrical equipment. Pressurized-water extinguishers, as well as suds and multi-use dry-chemical types, are used for Class A fires. For Class B and C fires, on the other hand, multi-use dry-chemical and carbon dioxide extinguishers are used. Halogenated hydrocarbon extinguishers are particularly recommended for use with computer equipment. Class D fires present special problems, and extinguishment is left to trained firefighters using special dry-chemical extinguishers. Personnel should know the location and type of portable fire extinguisher near their work area and know how to use an extinguisher before a fire occurs. In the event of fire, first evacuate all personnel, patients, and visitors who are in immediate danger and then activate the fire alarm, report the fire, and attempt to extinguish the fire, if possible. Personnel should work as a team to carry out emergency procedure. Fire drills must be conducted regularly and with appropriate documentation (Bishop et al. , 2004). Fire Safety Codes Fire safety codes and regulations exist to provide a reasonable measure of safety in a building from fire, explosions, or other comparable emergencies. The model code used by most jurisdictions is the Life Safety Code written by the National Fire Protection Association, Covering many of the same concerns with design, construction, and materials as in the building codes, the Life Safety Code attempts to lessen the danger to life from fire, smoke, and hazardous fumes and gases. The intent of these codes is to prevent a fire whenever possible. However, since all fires cannot be prevented, the codes also focus on fore control. Fire prevention is facilitated by the regulation of hazards and such things as controls on the kinds of material – both construction and furnishings – that can be used in buildings. Fire safety control is facilitated by the requirement of fire sprinklers, fire doors, and the like. Fire codes focus on such matters as egress interior architectural finishes, and fire protection equipment such as sprinklers and smoke detectors. Fire regulations related to furniture construction and fabrics or finishes are more a matter of federal, state and local regulations (Piotrowski, 2001). Contribution of Fire Safety Engineering Fire safety engineering can be defined as the application of scientific and engineering principles to the effects of fire in order to reduce the loss of life and damage to property by quantifying the risks and hazards involved and to provide an optimal solution to the application of preventive or protective measures. The concept of fire safety engineering may be applied to any situation where fire is a potential hazard. Although this text is mainly concerned with building structures, similar principles are equally applicable to the problems associated with oil or gas installations or other structures such as highway bridges. The additional hazards from gas and oil installations are primarily caused by the far more rapid growth of fire and the associated faster rates of temperature rise. This has been recognized by considering the testing of material response under heating regimes other than those associated with the more conventional cellulosic fires. The design methods are, however, similar to those for the situation covered by the more normal cellulosic based fires (Purkiss, 1996). Conclusion: Sticking to Basics Most instructive programs of any kind boil down to making an audience aware of a few key points. A rule of thumb in virtually any kind of education is that the more elementary a skill or given bit of knowledge is the more valuable it is. A general, fundamental rule can be more generally applied in everyday life than one that is tied to more advanced principles. For the fire service, this means educating an audience on basic means of prevention and coping with emergencies – subjects that professional firefighters might almost take for granted or consider obvious, but about which the average citizen may never have given much thought (Kiurski, 1999). References: Bishop, M. L. , Fody, E. P. , Schoeff, L. (2004). Clinical Chemistry: Principles, Procedures, Correlations (5th ed. ). New York: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Kiurski, T. (1999). Creating a Fire-Safe Community: A Guide for Fire Safety Educators. New Jersey: PennWell Books. Piotrowski, C. M. (2001). Professional Practice for Interior Designers (3rd ed. ). Canada: John Wiley and Sons. Purkiss, J. A. (1996). Fire Safety Engineering Design of Structures. Oxford: Elsevier. Rasbash, D. (2004). Evaluation of Fire Safety. England: John Wiley and Sons. Stollard, P. , Abrahams, J. (1999). Fire from First Principles: A Design Guide to Building Fire Safety (3rd ed. ). London and New York: Taylor Francis.

Impact of Imperialism on India

Impact of Imperialism on India Throughout history, many nations have implemented imperialism to enforce their will over others for money, protection and civilization. India was no exception. Since its discovery, Europeans were trying get a piece of Indias action. In many cases England was the imperial, or mother country. Since India was put under imperialism, a great deal of things changed, some for the good, mostly though for the bad. Between 1640 and 1949, India was ruled by two periods of imperialism, both of which effected India in a very profound and permanent manner. The first period of European control was between 1740 and 1858. During this period the British East India Company controlled the Indian sub-continent under the guise of economic imperialism, when in fact the manipulation of Indian affairs was much more political than let on. When it was founded in 1600 by Queen Elizabeth I, the East India Companys main purpose was to break into the Indonesian spice trade which was dominated by the Dutch. But after colonizing a post a Madras in 1640, the company was re-chartered to include such rights as coining money and act as government to British subjects at the East India Companys posts. As well, the British government also gave the company the right to make was or peaceful arrangements with powers who were non-Christian. This control expanded with the founding of a port at Bombay in 1668, and the founding of Calcutta in 1690. Then in 1756, a young employee named Robert Clive, who had been named lieutenant-governor in 1755, was sent to take back Calcutta from the Bengal nawab. He accomplished this in January of 1757. Then later that year, Clive lead a group of 950 European and 2,000 Indian soldiers(sepoys) against a group of 50,000 Indians lead by a degenerate nawab at Plassey. The victory of the English forces over the local resistance brought Bengal under the effective political control of the East India Company. Although a puppet nawab was left in control of the area, Clive was granted the right to extract land revenue from most of eastern India. Throughout this whole period, the company slowly found its privileges being revoked, until in 1858, the Sepoy Rebellion, or the Indian Revolution, finally brought an end to the rule of the East India Company in India when it was revealed the cause of the rebellion was the use of beef and pork fat to grease rifle cartridges, which are taboo to the Muslims and Hindus. This Revolution brought the rule of the East India Company to an end. The second period of English imperialism started in August of 1858 when the British monarchy assumed direct control of India from the East India Company. This established a full colonial government, where British officials run the countrys affairs, in India. This is known as colonial imperialism. This period was one of major change in Indian life and culture. While the East India Company tried respect local customs and learn local languages, the colonial government tried to impose British culture on India. . . encouraged the Indian people to abandon their traditions and learn to speak, dress and live like Europeans. This came to a head in 1877, when Queen Victoria was recognized as the Empress of India. The colonial government felt it was their duty to civilize the people of India, feeling I am a little bit better than you, therefore my presence is necessary. This all began to end in 1885 with the formation of the Indian National Congress, made up of middle-class Indians who were kno wn as the congress. This congress campaigned for free education for both sexes, more Indian representation in government, and other reforms. But then in the early 1900s, nationalists began to reject British rule and petition for its end in India by boycotting British goods and publishing books which restored peoples pride in Indias ancient heritage. The nationalist leader, Mohandas Gandhi, is perhaps best known for his method of passive resistance to help the struggle of India. Then finally in 1949, the partitioning of the British controlled lands into the independent countries of Pakistan and India brought an end to English rule in the Indian subcontinent. Throughout the rule of the British in India, the effect of the colonial and economic imperialism impacted the sub-continent in the form of many economic and social changes. On the economic side, many Indian goods were sold overseas by the East India Company, but the government of England saw India as a large base for British goods, as well as a source of raw materials. This lead to British officials discouraging Indian industry, as well as encouraging the production of export crops rather than food crops. In this way cotton was produced in India, processed in England, and thin sold back to the Indians. This change in food supplies killed millions of Indians from famine in the 1800s. Then when the British government took direct control, the construction of railways, canals, and roads, especially the opening of the Suez canal in 1869 opened the interior of India for trade throughout Europe and Asia. With the construction of the telegraph lines in India, exports from India jumped tremen dously. However, all of the profit went to the colonialists, plunging most Indians into poverty. The social changes included the introduction of health care and hospitals, which, while curing diseases and improving the general health of Indians, created such a tremendous population explosion that famine resulted in some regions. As well, the creation of British educated professionals and business people created a new upper-class in India changing the rule of class in India forever. All of these changes, while under the guise of helping the natives, only served to help the colonists and leave the Indians feeling inferior, as though Indians are only hewers of wood, and drawers of water All of these changes in Indian culture and economy forever changed the destiny of the Land of India. While many changes may have been good in retrospect, they were only meant to help the colonizing British. Overall, the colonization of India had nothing but a negative effect on its people and culture. Perhaps one day people will realize that imposing one culture on another is not only wrong, but it is destructive to the natural course of a countrys history.

Reparations For Descendents of African Slaves in America Essay

Reparations For Descendents of African Slaves in America Slavery has been entwined with American history ever since Dutch traders brought twenty captive Africans to Jamestown, Virginia in 1619. Slavery in America is a subject with minimal truths and stories rarely told. The public school system excludes the fact that eight of the first twelve American presidents were major slaveholders. Emancipation brought freedom, but not approximation. The civil rights movement killed Jim Crow, but shadows remained. Affirmative Action created opportunities, but racism continues. So why shouldn't the great-great grandchildren of those who worked for free and were deprived of education and were kept in bondage not be compensated? Why should American taxpayers who never owned slaves pay for the sins of ancestors they don't even know? Ask one question and it leads to another. How would the economy be affected? How do you put a price tag on over two centuries of legalized inhumanity? In what form would reparations be paid? How would you establish who is a descendant? Questions start debates. The Merriam Webster dictionary defines reparations as the act of making amends for a wrong. Money paid by a defeated nation in compensation for damages caused during hostilities, is also included in the definition. It is essential to locate the claim for reparations within a framework of law and justice. The following four propositions are truths that attempt to conceptualize a legal framework for the formulation and prosecution of the claim for reparations. First, the evil enslavement of Africans was a crime against humanity. Secondly, domestic and international law recognizes that those who commit crimes against humanity mus... ...ington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Gifford, A. (1993). Legal Arguments in Support of Reparations: First Pan-African Congress on Reparations. Federal Republic of Nigeria. Mazrui, A. (1998). Black Reparations in a Conservative World of Racial Aspirations and Political Realities. New York: Global Publications. Rhone, S. (2000, January 28). America?s debt to blacks. The Post Dispatch, pC1. Robinson, R. (1999). The Debt: What America Owes to Blacks. New York: Dutton. Ruble, R. (2000, February 4). Riot reparations sought. The Associated Press, p.B1. Saul, M. (1997, June 30). U.S. legislation could pay money to descendents. The Dallas Morning News, p.C2. Westley, R. (1998, December). Many Billions Gone. Boston College Law Review, XL, 11.

The Importance of Successful Communication Essay -- Communication Proc

The importance in being able to effectively communicate with others is essential in our everyday lives. Although everyone participates in some process of communication, not everyone knows how to communicate well. Communication is a process involving the encoding and decoding of messages being sent and received by a source and receiver, respectively. Messages are sent through various channels, such as face-to-face interaction, electronic mail, text messages, and telephone. Depending upon the channel used to communicate a message, it may allow for the communication to be transactional or unilateral. All of this occurs within a certain context, and it may also include noise factors, such as cultural differences or physical distractions, that may disrupt the effectiveness of the message being communicated. The more knowledgeable one is of the multiple factors involved in the communication process, the better the chances of effective and efficient communication. In Organizational Behavior, John Schermerhorn et al believes that â€Å"it is useful to think of communication as a process of sending and receiving messages with attached meanings† (190). Mission Hospital is where I work, vast amounts of messages are sent and received daily, and depending on its availability, certain channels will be utilized. Due to the high volume of different messages, there is always the chance that some messages will be successful while others are not. An example of an unsuccessful message, where ...

Agriculture & Industry

Industry, in general, is taken to be categorized into three types, which are the agricultural industry, the commercial industry, and the manufacturing industry. The highlight of this paper focuses on the first of the three, which is the agricultural industry.More specifically, the impact of shifts and price elasticity of supply and demand, positive and negative externalities, wage inequality, and monetary and fiscal policies are investigated in order to make a holistic assessment of the level of success that the industry has achieved and the economic influences that has affected it in a negative way.The agriculture industry is among the three categories that deal with the acquisition of resources from land and water that provide the necessities in life (Jackson, 1841). Likewise, it serves as the source from which raw materials could be taken and are subsequently passed on to the manufacturing industry for processing (Jackson, 1841).It could be remembered that the manufacturing indust ry is among the three industries that form an important part of the economy. It is considered to have an impact both in direct and indirect terms in achieving economic growth and the reasons behind this is two-fold (Faruqee, 1999).First, both the linkages in farm inputs, which includes equipment, fertilizers, and chemicals, and processing of food and fiber is considered as strong (Faruqee, 1999). Second, any increase in the income derived from the agriculture industry is also spent on locally-produced goods and services (Faruquee, 1999).An important economic aspect is that of the element of labor which is also present in this particular industry.   It is important to take note of this because of the important role it plays in the growth and success in achieving the intended purpose expected from the society.Labor, in this particular sector, is further categorized into three, which is composed of those whose task involve the collection of the products from â€Å"the land and water , animal, vegetable, and mineral†; those who preserve, augment, and process these products; and those who are associated with the production of agricultural tools and infrastructure (Jackson, 1841).Taking this into consideration, the agricultural industry is affected in such a way that overproduction or underproduction in relation to the consumption of people have to be weighed carefully in order for the commodities to be sold at a competitive price in the market. Likewise, the following shifts in the curves would help in determining the market price for the produce.However, an important aspect, which is referred to as elasticity, should be related to this as there are important impacts that it has over the equilibrium price and quantity in relation to the shifts in demand and supply curves.In situations where there is a shift in the demand for a good that has a greater value of elasticity in terms of supply, the change in equilibrium quantity is larger and the change in equil ibrium price is smaller (Lipsey & Harbury, 1992).On the other hand, the shift in the demand does not have impact on the equilibrium market price should the supply of the good being considered is perfectly elastic and there is no effect on equilibrium quantity should the supply be perfectly inelastic (Lipsey & Harbury, 1992).As for the supply curve, the shift in the supply leads to a larger change in the equilibrium quantity and a lower degree of change in the equilibrium price if the elasticity of demand is greater (Lipsey & Harbury, 1992).For goods with a perfectly elastic demand, the shift in supply has no corresponding impact on the equilibrium market price and there is no effect for the equilibrium quantity if the demand for the good is perfectly inelastic (Lipsey & Harbury, 1992).The consideration of the shifts in both the supply and demand curve together with that of the elasticity in terms of supply and demand of the good is particularly of great help in making decisions in t erms of the planning for the industry regarding the production of the goods and consumption especially in areas where there is hunger.

Cruise Control

Dept. of Electronics & Communication RVCE, Bangalore Cruise Control System |Cruise control is a new technological development which incorporates a factor of comfort in driving. Safety is only a small benefit of this | |system. In short, cruise control can be said to be a system which uses the principles of radar to determine the distances between two | |consecutive moving vehicles in which either one or both of them is incorporated with this system. | Lalitha Chinmayee H M 1RV11EC052 Namratha H Mahesh 1RV11EC062 IntroductionEvery minute, on average, at least one person dies in a crash. Air bags and seat belts save tens of thousands of people a year. But the ultimate solution and the only thing that will save far more lives, limbs and money is cruise control system. Cruise control was commercially introduced in 1958 as an option on the Chrysler Imperial. Cruise control is an invaluable feature on American cars. Without cruise control, long road trips would be more tiring, for the driv er at least, and those of us suffering from lead-foot syndrome would probably get a lot more speeding tickets.Cruise control is far more common on American cars than European cars, because the roads in America are generally bigger and straighter, and destinations are farther apart. With traffic continually increasing, basic cruise control is becoming less useful, but instead of becoming obsolete, cruise control systems are adapting to this new reality — soon, cars will be equipped with adaptive cruise control, which will allow your  ­car to follow the car in front of it while continually adjusting speed to maintain a safe distance. What is Cruise Control System?Cruise control is a system, which automatically controls the speed of an automobile. Most cruise control systems don’t allow the use of cruise control below a certain speed. The purpose of the cruise control system is to maintain a constant vehicle speed despite external disturbances, such as changes in wind o r road grade. This is accomplished by measuring the vehicle speed, comparing it to the desired or reference speed, and automatically adjusting the throttle according to a control law. The cruise control system actually has a lot of functions other than controlling the speed of your car.It can accelerate or decelerate with the tap of a button. There are also several important safety features — the cruise control will disengage as soon as you hit the brake pedal, and it won't engage at speeds less than a particular value (usually around 25-30 mph). We all know that the things that control the speed of the car are the gas pedal and the brakes. And the brain that normally controls the speed of the car is the brain of the driver. The driver senses the speed by looking at the speedometer and then adjusting the pressure on the gas pedal or the brakes to compensate for variations in the desired speed.The cruise control system does the same thing with one exception. It only controls t he gas pedal – it doesn't even know there are brakes in the car!! A Blind inventor and mechanical engineer called Ralph Teetor, invented cruise control in 1943. [pic] Modelling To understand the working of a cruise control system, we consider here a simple model of the vehicle dynamics, shown in the free-body diagram (FBD) below. The vehicle, of mass m, is acted on by a control force, u. The force u represents the force generated at the road/tire interface.For this simplified model we will assume that we can control this force directly and will neglect the dynamics of the powertrain, tires, etc. , that go into generating the force. The resistive forces, bv, due to rolling resistance and wind drag, are assumed to vary linearly with the vehicle velocity, v, and act in the direction opposite the vehicle's motion. [pic] Figure 1 Summing forces in the x-direction and applying Newton's 2nd law, we arrive at the following system equation: (1)[pic] —(1) Since we are interested in controlling the speed of the vehicle, the output equation is chosen as follows 2)[pic] —(2) Taking Laplace’s transform for equation (1), we get m sV(s) + b. V(s)=U(s) —(3) We find the transfer function of the cruise control system to be: [pic] [pic] Figure 2 – Block Diagram Controlling the Cruise Control The brain of a cruise control system is a small computer that is normally found under the hood or behind the dashboard. It connects to the throttle control as well as several sensors. The diagram below shows the inputs and outputs of a typical cruise control system. [pic] Figure 3 – Cruise Control Working Block DiagramA good cruise control system accelerates aggressively to the desired speed without overshooting, and then maintains that speed with little deviation no matter how much weight is in the car, or how steep the hill you drive up. Controlling the speed of a car is a classic application of  control system theory. Since the cruise cont rol system controls the speed of the car by adjusting the throttle position, it needs sensors to tell it the speed and throttle position. It also needs to monitor the controls so it can tell what the desired speed is and when to disengage.The most important input is the speed signal; the cruise control system does a lot with this signal. The most basic control system is a  proportional control. In a proportional control system, the cruise control adjusts the throttle proportional to the error, the error being the difference between the desired speed and the actual speed. So, if the cruise control is set at 60 mph and the car is going 50 mph, the throttle position will be open quite far. When the car is going 55 mph, the throttle position opening will be only half of what it was before.The result is that the closer the car gets to the desired speed, the slower it accelerates. Also, if you were on a steep enough hill, the car might not accelerate at all. Most cruise control systems use a control scheme called  proportional-integral-derivative control (PID  control). The integral of speed is distance. The derivative of speed is acceleration. A PID control system uses these three factors — proportional, integral and derivative, calculating each individually and adding them to get the throttle position. We've already discussed the proportional factor.The  integral  factor is based on the  time integral of the vehicle speed error. Translation: the difference between the distance your car actually travelled and the distance it would have travelled if it were going at the desired speed, calculated over a set period of time. This factor helps the car deal with hills, and also helps it settle into the correct speed and stay there. Let's say your car starts to go up a hill and slows down. The proportional control increases the throttle a little, but you may still slow down.After a little while, the integral control will start to increase the throttle, opening it more and more, because the longer the car maintains a speed slower than the desired speed, the larger the distance error gets. Now let's add in the final factor, the  derivative. The derivative of speed is acceleration. This factor helps the cruise control respond quickly to changes, such as hills. If the car starts to slow down, the cruise control can see this acceleration (slowing down and speeding up are both acceleration) before the speed can actually change much, and respond by increasing the throttle position. pic] Figure 4 – Block Control of Cruise Control Model Setting of Cruise Control [pic] [pic] Figure 5 & 6– Setting of Cruise Control using buttons The system pictured above has five buttons: On, Off, Set/Accel, Resume and Coast. It also has a sixth control – the brake pedal, and if the car has a manual transmission the clutch pedal is also hooked up to the cruise control. †¢ The on and off buttons don't actually do much. Hitting the on button does not do anything except tell the car that you might be hitting another button soon.The off button turns the cruise control off even if it is engaged. Some cruise controls don't have these buttons; instead, they turn off when the driver hits the brakes, and turn on when the driver hits the set button. †¢ The set/accel button tells the car to maintain the speed you are currently driving. If you hit the set button at 45 mph, the car will maintain your speed at 45 mph. Holding down the set/accel button will make the car accelerate; and on this car, tapping it once will make the car go 1 mph faster. If you recently disengaged the cruise control by hitting the brake pedal, hitting the resume button will command the car to accelerate back to the most recent speed setting. †¢ Holding down the coast button will cause the car to decelerate, just as if you took your foot completely off the gas. On this car, tapping the coast button once will cause the car to slow down b y 1 mph. †¢ The brake pedal and clutch pedal each have a switch that disengages the cruise control as soon as the pedal is pressed, so you can shut off the cruise control with a light tap on the brake or clutch.Adaptive Cruise Control System A more advanced cruise control is being developed that can automatically adjust a car's speed to maintain a safe following distance. Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) is an automotive feature that allows a vehicle's cruise control system to adapt the vehicle's speed to the traffic environment. This new technology, called adaptive cruise control, uses forward-looking radar (or lidar – light detecting and ranging. But lidar based ACC’s are limited due to poor working in bad weather), installed behind the grill of a ehicle, to detect the speed and distance of the vehicle ahead of it. [pic] Figure 7 – Adaptive Cruise Control System Adaptive cruise control is similar to conventional cruise control in that it maintains the vehicl e's pre-set speed. However, unlike conventional cruise control, this new system can automatically adjust speed in order to maintain a proper distance between vehicles in the same lane. This is achieved through a radar headway sensor, digital signal processor and longitudinal controller.If the lead vehicle slows down, or if another object is detected, the system sends a signal to the engine or braking system to decelerate. Then, when the road is clear, the system will re-accelerate the vehicle back to the set speed. The 77-GHz Autocruise radar system made by TRW has a forward-looking range of up to 492 feet (150 meters), and operates at vehicle speeds ranging from 18. 6 miles per hour (30 kph) to 111 mph (180 kph). Delphi's 76-GHz system can also detect objects as far away as 492 feet, and operates at speeds as low as 20 mph (32 kph).These systems are being enhanced to include collision warning capabilities that will warn drivers through visual and/or audio signals that a collision i s imminent and that braking or evasive steering is needed. In May 1998, Toyota became the first to introduce an ACC system on a production vehicle,luxury sedan. Main Parts & Working of ACC’s The main components of a typical radar-based ACC system are: 1. Fusion sensor 2. Headway control unit 3. Throttle 4. Brake 5. Dashboard display Fusion sensor: It is a combination of sensors and processors.They are 1. Millimetre-wave radar 2. Stereo camera 3. Image processor 4. Fusion processor [pic] Figure 8 – Architecture of Radar Based ACC System Millimetre wave radar: It is a sensor which uses millimetre wave for detecting the position and velocity of a distant object. Range is calculated using the formula C = 2*R/T Where, ‘C’ is the velocity of light, ‘R’ is the range, ‘T’ is the time of flight of transmission. [pic] Figure 9 – Millimetre Radar Unit Stereo camera: The camera’s function is detection of cars and other objects i n the roadway.Image processor: It processes the images from the stereo camera and the data fed into the fusion processor. Fusion processor:  The function of fusion processor is Data Fusion. Headway control unit: It has control on the brakes and throttle and uses dashboard for immediate warnings. Canceling Cruise Control Operation: †¢ Brake pedal is pressed †¢ ‘Off' button is pressed †¢ Vehicle Speed < 25 mph †¢ An ACC system fault is detected [pic] Figure 10 – A car model with advanced cruise control system First, the vehicle speed sensor might fail. Normally the speedometer also fails so that's pretty easy to diagnose.Next, the power to the brain can be interrupted (Here brain is referred to the cruise control system as it works similar to brain). A blown fuse or a corroded connector can prevent the brain from working correctly or at all. Next, the brains can lose its ability to function. A faulty component can prevent the brain from doing its thi ng. The brain is a pretty sophisticated box that contains a lot of electronic components including a microprocessor. Normally when the brains fail you need to replace the box. The vacuum diaphragm can develop a leak.If that happens then the cruise control might set and hold the speed for some time however if the leak is larger than the supply line and modulator can add vacuum to the system the system will slowly lose control and the vehicle will slow down. This can also happen if the vacuum line to the diaphragm is cracked or loose. Finally, the linkage that connects the diaphragm to the accelerator linkage can fail. Some aftermarket cruise control systems use a short length of what looks like fat key chain – bead chain. I have seen several units fail when the chain simply breaks. ConclusionBut one drawback is that cruise control systems are dangerous in wet roads and slippery roads as they may cause some serious problems. Fully autonomous car is probably not viable in the fo reseen future. Nearby vehicles would be in constant communication with each other and act co-operatively. It will probably take decades, but car accidents may eventually become almost as rare as plane crashes are now. References 1. www. howstuffworks. com 2. www. cars. com/features/adaptivecruisecontrol 3. www. autorepair. about. com 4. ctms. engin. umich. edu/CTMS/index. php? example=CruiseControl=SystemModeling

Determinants of Student’s Academic Performance Essay

It is a positive statement when one says that man of modern society is so advanced in education, both in the science and in technology, but won’t mind nor think about what steps he could make or trace what good he could do for his fellowmen. He does not live in terms of attitudes acceptable in the society where he lives. A man today is more conscious of his own personal upliftment, keeps innocent of knowing his worth which would be undeniably great if he is treading the right way. Everyone has a right in education. This is embodied in Article XIV Section I of the Philippine Constitution 1987: The state shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education to all levels and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all. Schools, colleges, and universities have no work without student. Students are most essential assets for any educational institute. The social and economic development of the country is directly linked with student academic performance. The students performance place an important role in producing the best quality graduates who will become great leader and manpower for the country thus responsible for the country’s economic and social development. So the parents or guardians must do their responsibilities and roles to give what they need in education. Intelligence is not the only determinant of the academic performance of the student. Academic performance of a student is always associated with the many components of learning environment. Learning and teaching environment ought to implement six functions: inform, communicate, collaborate, produce, scaffold, and manage. The key to success in learning-teaching environment lies on people who use it. Hence, in the instructional system, the teacher is the main factor who can spell the difference between success and failure of a student. Another important determinant, which shouldn’t be neglected, is the family. Family is the primary social system for students for all cultures across the region. Religiosity as an aspect of the family environment is another independent variable possibly influencing academic performance. Higher-achieving students are likely to have the following characteristics: positive feelings about their school experiences, attribute their success in high school to such things as hard work, self-discipline, organization, ability, and high motivation, these characteristics vary from person to person and country to country. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This study determined the related factors to the academic performance of Bachelor of Science in Respiratory Therapy, second year students at Cagayan State University. To attain the aforementioned objective, answer to the following research questions were sought. 1. What is the profile of the BSRT 1st year students in terms of: A. Personal Factors: a. 1. Sex a. 2. Parent’s occupation a. 3. Sibling number a. 4. Physical health a. 5. Student attitude a. 6. Religion or Ethnicity B. School Factors: b. 1. No vision b. 2. Lack of passion b. 3. Lack of personal/work/school/family balance b. 4. Lack of taking advantage of student resources b. 5. Attending the wrong college or university b. 6. Lack of maturity and discipline C. Community Factors: c. 1. School distance from home c. 2. Means of transportation D. Intrinsic Factors: d.1 . Interest d.2 . Ability E. Extrinsic Factors: e.1 Family Factor e.2 Peers F. Aspirations G. Needs A. What are the determinants of the academic performance of the BSRT 1st year students? B. Is there a relationship between the profile and the academic performance of the BSRT 1st year students? C. How do the teachers perceive the academic performance of the BSRT 1st year students? SCOPE AND DELIMINATION OF THE STUDY This research study is centered on the factors related to the academic performance and attitudes of the BSRT 1st year students at Cagayan State University, Andrew’s Campus. The profile of Bachelor of Science in Respiratory Therapy 1st year students in the terms of personal, school and community factors were determined. Likewise, the teacher’s perceptions on the academic performance of the BSRT 1st year students were considered. Furthermore, the relationship between the BSRT 1st year profile and academic performance were also determined. Lastly, the variable that contributes to the variation of the Bachelor of Science in Respiratory Therapy 1st year students’ academic performance was established. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY It is with optimism that the findings of this study would contribute the development of macro educational system particularly at Cagayan State University in terms of the determinants related to the academic performance of BSRT 1st year students. Furthermore, it is hoped that feedback of data gathered would be used as clues for recommending changes for improvement in fulfilling practices, performance that are relevant and responsive to the demand of our educational system. Moreover, result of this study, would guide the teachers in improving their classroom management, instructional methods and strategies to equip their students the needed preparation for their future careers. Likewise, the parents would be made knowledgeable on determinants of academic performance of their child; therefore, they can suit a proper program of activities for their child for a better performance. It is also hoped that this study shall help the school maintain a harmonious relationship with the community in playing its vital role for the progress and development through people empowerment. Summing up, the findings of this study would contribute to the attainment of educational excellence and the national development goal, the conversion of the Philippines into a newly industrialized country. DEFINITION OF TERMS 1. Ability- CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Student academic performances are affected due to social, psychological, economic, environmental, and personal factors. The learning environment refers to the whole range of components and activities within which learning happens (Bahr, Hawks, & Wang 1993). A. PERSONAL FACTORS The socio-economic status of students is directly proportional to their scholastic performance. 1. Parents Occupation According to Ruben as cited by Ramiro, (1996) that the effect of low income reflects lack of education or training, physical or mental disability or poor motivation. Students with parents who were both college educated tended to achieve at the highest levels. Income and family size were modestly related to achievement (Ferguson, 1991). Middle class parents tend to be college graduate although some only graduated from high school, and many only reached elementary. Bremberk (1996) found out that an increase in the percentage of parents with college degree and white collar job have a better effect on school performance. Parents’ educational attainment is related to the school achievement of the youth. 2. Sibling Number Children from large families maybe handicapped because they get relatively source of the family’s intellectual resources than those children from smaller families (Draig 1998). 3. Attitudes of the Student Performance and attitudes characteristics are strong determinants of academic achievement as cited by Marcos, (1998). According to Santrock, (1998) when our attitude is based on personal experience our behavior is more likely reflect our attitudes. When we have thought about our attitude towards something and have ready access it, the attitude behavior connection is strengthen. In the words of John Locke, â€Å"The actions of men are the best interpreter of their thoughts†. Ramiro, (1996) mentioned that habits of students are very much related to education. The relationship would contribute something substantial in the academic performance of student in their respective school and homes greatly affect their standing in school. B. SCHOOL FACTORS Education is a continuous process in which every parent aims to give it as a gift to their children for their future. Abracia, (1984) stated that schools was considered as a second home of learners because it is a plays where to know everything; wherein a teacher serves as their parents. 1. No vision According to Wollitkiewics,(1980) Some students do not have a clearly articulated picture of the future they intend to create for themselves. Thus, they may take programs of study without a clear career goal or objective. In essence, they choose the wrong major. 2. Lack of passion In a study conducted by Salinas, (1989) she emphasized that successful students work out of passion, a love for what they want to do, and recognize the importance of the benefit it will bring others as well as themselves. Without passion, study becomes a chore and not a method for achieving clearly defined goals. 3. Lack of personal/work/school/family balance Whatever is going on in a student’s personal life, will inevitably affect what’s going on in school. Whatever is happening in school will affect what’s going on in their personal life. A student needs time to be in class, and appropriate time for study. However, there must be time for family, friends, social activities, and time to just be alone. The key is keeping proper balance (Kalko, Elisabeth, K.V., et al. 2006) 4. Lack of taking advantage of student resources There is really no reason for academic failure. According to San Luis, (2003) every college and university has an academic learning center where students can receive peer and faculty tutoring, without charge. Many students fail to seek help. 5. Attending the wrong college or university Tylan, (1998) found that students accept admission into schools they are not familiar with. Thus, they become depressed with their surroundings. Student must be content with their school, its environment, and resources. This, in turn has a negative effect on their studies. 6. Lack of maturity and discipline Some students are just not disciplined and lack good organizational skills. They often fall under the pressure of their peers. (Corpus, 1999) Rather than using good discretion, they feel compelled to follow others (socially), when they really should be attending to their studies. C. INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC FACTORS Intrinsic motivation refers to motivation that is driven by an interest or enjoyment in the task itself. It occurs when people are internally motivated to do something because it either brings them pleasure, they think it is important, or they feel that what they are learning is significant. Students are likely to be intrinsically motivated if they attribute their educational results to factors under their own control, also known as autonomy (http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Motivation#intrinsic_and_extrinsic_motivation). Intrinsic means internal or inside of yourself. When you are intrinsically motivated, you enjoy an activity, course or skill development solely for the satisfaction of learning and having fun, and you are determined to be inwardly in order to be competent (http://www.livestrong.com/article/174305-the-difference-between-intrinsic-motivation-extrinsic-motivation). According to Dr. James Gavin, intrinsic motivation is derived from a self-concept, core beliefs, internal need and development opposed to extrinsic motivators which can undermine these motivations. Motives needs to be additive in effect, which means the more reasons you find to motivate yourself to engage in a behavior, the more likely you will continue with and persist in these behaviors. External motivators are typically not additive. Extrinsic motivation, on the other hand, means external or outside of yourself, this type of motivation is everywhere and frequently used within the society throughout your lifetime. When you are motivated to behave, learn, or do based on highly regarded outcome, rather than for fun, development or learning provided within an experience, you are being extrinsically motivated (http://www.livestrong.com/article/174305-the-difference-between-intrinsic-motivation-extrinsic-motivation). 1. Family Probably the strongest influence in our lives is the family we grew up. Our birth order, the personality of our parents, the way we were treated by our siblings, the socio economic status of the family and the place we lived. Besides these tacit influences, our parents taught us all the basics of proper behavior (â€Å"Family influence†.3rd ed. New York. Ronald M. Doctor, Ada P. Kahn 2008). Rollins and Thomas found that high parental control were associated with high achievement. Parents have a crucial role to make sure that every child becomes high achiever. Parental influence has been identified as an important factor affecting student achievement. Philips (1998) also found that parental education and social economic status have an impact on student performance. 2. Influence of Peers Peers groups play a powerful role in shaping identity because the desire to be accepted by one’s peers and â€Å"fit in† with one’s peers often becomes paramount concern for most adolescents. Peer groups are likely to impose negative sanctions upon those who violate what are perceived as established norms of behavior and who attempt to construct identities that deviate significantly from prevailing conceptions of racial and gender identity (http://www.inmotionmagazine.com/er/pntroub1.html). Peers refer to people who are of the same age, educational level, or have the same job or profession. According to Christine Adamec, (2008), a peer group can cause anxieties for an individual because it can arouse feelings of self concept, low self esteem, and other negative attitudes and behavior. CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter presents the research design, the locale of the study, the respondents and sampling procedure, the instrument and statistical tools used to treat the data collected. RESEARCH DESIGN Since this study will determine the academic performances of BSRT 2nd year students at Cagayan State University, the researchers will use the descriptive correlational method. Descriptive method often involves extensive observation and note-taking. It describes data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied. The correlational method of research will also used to deal with their relationship between and among the input, transformation process and output variables. The researchers used this method since the condition and description of the subjects and variables at the time of the study will determine. LOCALE OF THE STUDY The College of Allied Health and Sciences was located at Cagayan State University, Tuguegarao. This was composed of two courses- Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology and Bachelor of Science in Respiratory Therapy. The researchers will only focus to the 2nd year BSRT students. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT The principal instrument used in collecting data needed was questionnaire. It is composed of structured questions regarding personal factors, school factors, community factors, intrinsic factors, extrinsic factors and students’ academic performance, each item will be provided with possible answer for the choices of the respondents. The academic performance of the students will be derived through documentary analysis.

Marketing information systems

E-commerce made its first major impact by registering on the economic horizon in 1998. In that year, Amazon made $1 billion.   In an article in The Economist on the 19th of August 2006, Amazon.com is credited as being the pioneer in teaching the world how to shop online. Today, Amazon’s product range is anything from travel (the biggest seller), to computer equipment and software to cars, clothing and home furnishings in that order of magnitude. Technology (by way of one-click shopping) has been of great assistance in collecting data based on buyer preferences and past buying behavior. Search boxes, pre-ordering capability are some of the ways Amazon collects customer information. Information gathered includes birthdays, interests, wish lists, location and past purchases. Good marketing information systems reward online behavior with rewards that make customers feel pampered. They also give great user experience and evolve with customer needs. Amazon has just added â€Å"Search Suggestions† as another way of gathering information by requesting customers, authors and sellers to make recommendations that they feel are linked to search keywords. This should result in the company building up a comprehensive database for gaining and retaining customer loyalty. This information is used mainly to cultivate buyer loyalty. A typical example is the Amazon practice of tempting shoppers by making recommendations based on what others who have bought the same product bought also and based on the buyer’s previous shopping style. After gathering the necessary information, Amazon also makes buying from them attractive with such enticements like extensive selection, free shipping and excellent customer service (you actually get to speak with a real person within seconds if you use the click-to-call button and provide your telephone number). Bottom of Form Top of Form REFERENCES â€Å"Click to download – Amazon.com†, The Economist (US), August 19, 2006. Volume 380, Issue 8491, p 58. Fernando, Angelo, â€Å"Why punish, when you can reward? Online or off-line, there are simple steps you can take to make your customers feel valued†, Communication World, Sept-Oct 2006, Volume 23, Issue 5, p14-15.   

The Problems Of Solid Waste In Turkey Environmental Sciences Essay

AbstractionMunicipal solid waste ( MSW ) is a major environmental job in Turkey, as in many developing states. Problems associated with municipal solid waste are hard to turn to, but attempts towards more efficient aggregation and transit and environmentally acceptable waste disposal continue in Turkey. Although rigorous ordinances on the direction of solid waste are in topographic point, crude disposal methods such as unfastened dumping and discharge into surface H2O have been used in assorted parts of Turkey. This article presents a brief history of the legislative tendencies in Turkey for MSW direction and the MSW duty and direction construction together with the present state of affairs of coevals, composing, recycling, and intervention. The consequences of several researches show that about 25 million ton of MSW are generated yearly in Turkey. About 77 % of the population receives MSW services. In malice of attempts to alter unfastened dumping countries into healthful landfills and to construct modern recycling and composting installations, Turkey still has over two 1000 unfastened mopess.Reappraisal of the Turkish legislative model in MSW directionIn 1983, the Ministry of Environment in Turkey published Environmental Law 2872 as the first phase in order to better the environmental state of affairs in the state. However, there was no consensus on the best option for MSW direction in the jurisprudence. In 1991, the Solid Waste Control Regulation came into force in order to pull off solid waste. The ordinance played a cardinal function in solid waste aggregation, storage, conveyance, and disposal. The ordinance has been continuously updated. In add-on, Turkey developed ordinances for medical waste in 1993 and for risky waste in 1995. The Medical Waste Control Regulation established a basic action line for medical waste direction based on the aggregation, storage, conveyance, and disposal or reuse of the waste by its proprietor. Some types of waste, such as r adioactive wastes, were excluded from that jurisprudence. The Hazardous Waste Control Regulation set the standards for the aggregation, conveyance, and concluding disposal of risky waste, including options for land filling or incineration, every bit good as the design standard and the operational regulations for healthful landfills and incinerators. The ordinance besides focuses on the minimisation of risky waste and encouragement of recycling. By legal definition, municipal solid waste includes all the waste originating from human activities that are usually solid and that are discarded as useless or unwanted. Municipal solid waste by and large consists of waste generated from residential to commercial countries, industries, Parkss, and streets [ 1 ] . In metropoliss in Turkey, community enterprises in solid waste direction are presently being supported by the municipal governments, who guide their activities harmonizing to the statute law and policies dictated by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry ( MEF ) . The model of duty and direction of MSW in Turkey is shown in Figure 1. MSW comes from commercial services, industries, health care installations, and citizens in Turkey. Some private endeavors are responsible for the aggregation and conveyance of solid waste and for the sorting of individually collected packaging waste. After screening, the packaging waste is directed towards the recycling industry [ 2 ] . Fig. 1. Model of duty and direction of MSW in Turkey.MSW coevals and composingUntil 1994, there were merely estimations of MSW coevals in Turkey because of the predomination of unfastened dumping and the trouble of entering MSW coevals. The absence of dependable informations and statistics for waste coevals and composing makes a regional and national rating of MSW direction hard. The Turkish State Statistical Institute has compiled statistics about MSW direction since 1994 [ 3 ] . In the 1960s, 3-4 million ton of municipal solid waste per twelvemonth was generated in Turkey. However, harmonizing to the Turkish State Statistical Institute ‘s 2004 database, about 25 million ton of MSW was generated yearly ( Figure 2 ) . Fig. 2. Sum of MSW collected in Turkey. Increasing population degrees, rapid economic growing, and the rise in community life criterions will speed up the hereafter solid waste coevals rate in Turkey. The sum of MSW per capita in the summer and winter seasons from 1994 to 2004 is given in Figure 3. The coevals rate per capita varies well from the summer season to the winter season. As seen in Fig. 3, in the 1990s Turkey generated a higher sum of MSW in the summer than in the winter. MSW coevals rates in summer and in winter are 1.30 and 1.29 kg/cap/day in 2004, severally. This is a consequence of the decreasing use of fossil fuel for day-to-day warming. Fig. 3. Sum of MSW per capita ( kg/cap/day )Technologies in usage for managing and intervention of MSWCollection and transit of MSWThere are 3225 municipalities in Turkey, and 16 of them are metropolitan municipalities. A sum of 3028 municipalities have solid waste direction services. The population having solid waste services from 1994 to 2004 is shown in Fig. 4. As can be seen, the per centum of the population having solid waste services increased from 71 % in 1994 to 77 % in 2004 ( Fig. 4 ) . Fig. 4. Percentage of entire population having solid waste services of Turkey. However, the per centum of municipalities roll uping and transporting solid waste in the municipalities is 95 % . In most of the colony units of Turkey, the aggregation and transit constituents of MSW direction are by and large good organized. The municipalities spend all of their attempts and budgets for these services. There are two types of aggregation systems in the municipal countries of Turkey [ 4 ] .Collection Systems of MSW1. Curb Side PickupThis system is operated in the cardinal parts of the metropoliss and big towns. In this aggregation system, a solid waste aggregation vehicle Michigans at each edifice to pick up the garbage, either in plastic bags or in kitchen bins. Where this system is operated, the waste is collected daily or twice a twenty-four hours. Some occupants use specially produced plastic bags, but most use packaging plastic bags of assorted thickness and sizes. The kitchen bins used by the occupants of most parts are non standard, either in size or in fabric ating stuff.2. Community Bin SystemThis system is normally practiced in little colonies and the ill developed peripheral parts of urban countries. Depending on the population of an country, community bins with assorted non-standard sizes and theoretical accounts are placed on the streets, and waste from these bins is collected by assorted types of vehicles, runing from tractors to compactors. The bins are by and large emptied or replaced in some municipalities two or three times a hebdomad. Due to the addition of population and rapid urbanisation, the roads in the peripheral parts in some urban Centres are really hapless, so the aggregation vehicles can non make the community bins in these countries during rainy periods and therefore the community bins can non be emptied on a regular basis. The MSW from these countries by and large contains high concentrations of putrescent affair, which makes them peculiarly prone to do aesthetic and environmental perturbations to neighboring popul ations, particularly when the community bins or poulet bins are non emptied within 48 H of adding the garbage to the bins. Medical waste from healthcare constitutions to other risky wastes are by and large put into the community bins alternatively of being collected individually by specially designed trucks and workers. However, some municipalities individually apply aggregation and transit systems, particularly municipalities with high populations. A little sum of medical waste is disposed by firing in Turkey. The infective solid waste, together with MSW, is by and large discharged to dumping countries of municipalities. Municipalities use their ain vehicles for solid waste aggregation and transit. Both the aggregation and transit services are performed by the same vehicles. By and large, transportation theoretical accounts are non used in Turkey. The aggregation and transit vehicles are by and large trucks with capacities of 3.5-7 ton. Tractors are besides used in many countries in big metropoliss.Disposal of MSWIn many metropoliss in Turkey, lacks in the proviso of waste services are the consequence of unequal fiscal resources, direction, and proficient accomplishments of municipalities and authorities governments to cover with the rapid growing in demand for services. Methods of disposal of solid waste, harmonizing to the Turkish State Statistical Institute ‘s 2004 database, are shown diagrammatically in Figure 5. Fig. 5. MSW disposal methods in Turkey There are 16 healthful landfills, five composting workss ( three of which are being actively operated ) , and three incineration workss in Turkey. In 2004 25,013,521 ton of MSW were collected, whereas 7,002,000, 351,000, and 8000 ton were disposed of in healthful landfills, composted, and incinerated, severally. A sum of 17,661,254 ton of waste was disposed of without any control. There are typically a big figure of scavengers at garbage bins in Turkey. The stuffs collected are subjected to some degree of intermediate processing, such as separating, rinsing and drying. The rescued stuffs re so sold to decline traders, who further separate the stuffs and sell them to allow processing/ recasting Millss and mills. It is estimated that about 10-15 % of MSW is recycled by scavengers.Agreements in Management Strategies and DutiesThe conventional waste aggregation and disposal system in Turkey consists of refuse trucks and unfastened dumping. However, the tendency for disposal of MSW is tow ards implementing waste recreation and making an integrated MSW direction system. An incorporate system requires many direction options, such as beginning decrease, kerb side recycling, material recovery, waste-to-energy, healthful land filling, and composting. Physical and chemical informations can be analyzed to find the physical makeup and the chemical content of the MSW watercourse consecutive, supplying of import information for MSW direction systems. Although the physical composing analysis may straight back up the appraisal of material recovery, kerb side recycling, and composting, the energy content may greatly back up the probe of the thermic intervention potency. Bettering the criterion of direction and operation of some bing installations at much lower cost may offer considerable betterment in environmental public presentation. Additionally, puting out a plan of planned closing and redress of the most contaminated garbage dumps will represent an early measure in the devel opment of the national waste scheme [ 5 ] . Co-disposal of MSW with risky medical and industrial wastes creates a great concern for public wellness. From this point of position, the execution of solid waste direction schemes will cut down the hazard of environmental pollution. In Turkey, a negligible sum of MSW is presently being recycled. Ill organized aggregation systems for recoverable wastes, deficiency of support, and low inclination of occupants to segregate waste are factors impacting the efficiency of recovery. If there are no recycling plans in metropoliss, it is of import for waste directors to find the per centum of recyclables in the waste watercourse, every bit good as what per centum of these recyclables is marketable. If metropoliss have had recycling plans, the sum of reclaimable stuff could supply valuable information by placing the gaining control rates in recycling Centres. Municipalities are responsible for guaranting that the waste generated y their occupants and constitutions is collected and dece ntly managed. A major job is the current hapless status of the economic system in Turkey. The sum of financess available from municipal budgets for MSW betterments should be increased.Costss and Financing of MSW Collection and Recovery OperationsCost informations on solid waste direction in Turkey is normally extremely controversial and complicated due to the nature of the topic. The cost informations is farther complicated by the particulars of the Municipal Region and the cost accounting methodological analysis employed. In order to give an thought of how dearly-won the MSW intervention is, an illustration from a recent survey is given below [ 6 ] . In this case, two separate Municipal cost analyses have been conducted. The first one covered Municipal aggregation and conveyance costs whereas the other one is basically an economic public presentation analysis of two small-medium scale stuff recovery installations. The first set of information was collected from 24 selected Municipa lities from the Aegean Coast of Turkey. The set of informations includes merely the aggregation and conveyance costs of municipal solid waste ( Table 1 ) . Table 1. Cost informations for municipal solid waste aggregation and disposal Table 2. Cost appraisal for a medium sized metropolis broad recycling programme for Turkey Premises: Population: 1.0 million, MSW: 1000 tons/day, % reclaimable waste: 20 % sum recycable waste: 200 tons/day, engagement rate: 45 % , material recovery: 90 tons/day. In order to do comparative appraisal and derive some commercial penetration towards the separate aggregation programmes, cost informations has been gathered from separate aggregation programmes in Turkey. The information on cost of aggregation and sorting has been summarized in Table 2 for a medium-to-large metropolis. An mean population is estimated to be 1.0 million. Based on the elaborate waste analysis, a cost/revenue analysis for a metropolis broad recycling programme is made. The analysis given in Table 2 indicates that grosss are sufficient to cover the general operational costs of material recovery installations if operated at full capacities. Depending on the beginning composing or depending on the aggregation method employed, a comparatively acceptable commercial net income can be retained. In Table 2, costs points are categorized with different types of aggregation methodological analysis. Collections through bring-centres outputs comparatively high investing costs and low operational costs, whereas door-to-door aggregation of reclaimable stuffs by plastic bags has the lowest investing cost. However the go oning ingestion of plastic bags outputs comparatively higher operational costs.Decision and SuggestionsBased on the consequences of TURKSTAT [ 7 ] , it can be concluded that MSW direction is a major job confronting municipalities. The one-year waste coevals additions in proportion to the rise in the population and urbanisation, and issues related to disposal have become ambitious as more land is needed or the ultimate disposal of solid waste. Open mopess can be damaging to the urban environment. In malice of attempts to alter unfastened mopess into healthful landfills and to construct modern recycling and composting installations, Turkey still has over 2000 unfastened mopess. The Solid Waste Control Regulation is applied decently in the phases of aggregation and transit, but the chief job is the readying of healthful landfills and rehabilitation of unfastened mopess because of deficient funding. Currently, electricity production from waste incineration is instead low in Turkey. This is because several of incineration workss lack the capacity to bring forth electricity. Determining methods of concluding waste disposal requires an apprehension of the makeup of the MSW watercourse. A MSW decision- support system based on incorporate solid waste direction should be developed for metropoliss in Turkey. The sum of solid waste collected in Turkey in 2004 was 25,013,521 ton ; 27.99 % , 1.4 % , and 03 % of MSW is disposed of in healthful landfills, composted, and incinerated, severally. This indicates that 70.57 % of the entire sum of MSW was disposed of without any control. In Turkey, MSW is largely composed of domestic residues, and its composing varies by season. Solid waste generated by and large consists of a high organic fraction because of high ingestion of veggies and fruits. In rural countries, the ash content is higher due to the usage of ranges for heating intents in the winter. In Turkey, as in many developing states, there is a deficiency of organisation and planning in MSW direction due to deficient information about ordinances and due to fiscal limitations. In the short term, the best policy might be to go forth disposal methods without any controls, and utilize the resources available to upgrade them with environmental protection systems. In the long term, the building of new healthful landfill countries, composting, and incineration installations could be planned. Public engagement and consciousness are besides of import issues in accomplishing the ends of the suggested direction system, but it is hard and takes a long clip to do people cognizant of the importance and of the rules of the proposed direction system and to consequence their engagement. The reappraisal of municipal and family solid waste statistics in Turkey indicates that mean family waste coevals per capita is 0.6 kg/day and mean municipal solid waste is 0.95 kg/day. The composing of municipal solid waste varies by the beginning of waste ; nevertheless in all instances organic components histories for more than 50 % of municipal solid waste. Detailed cost analyses indicate that stuff recovery installations are normally self sufficient if operated at their established capacities, whereas initial investing to put up large-scale aggregation and recovery strategies still remains to be the major barrier that the municipalities have to get the better of.

Rationale and Analysis for Agency Selected, Essay

Rationale and Analysis for Agency Selected, - Essay Example Currently, the agency is being administered by Julian Castro, who is the U.S. secretary of the HUD agency since 28th July, 2014. According to United States (2013), there are some Key Historical Events of the Agency since its formation in 1965. The table shown below summarizes the date an important enactment was made and its function. These are as tabulated below. The mission statement summarizes what is entailed in the HUD department with well spelt out and articulated cut outs that enable its operations. The mission is spelt out as shown in the paragraph below. The mission of the United States Agency of Housing and Urban Development is to create sustainable, strong and affordable, quality and inclusive communities homes for all. This agency is working towards ensuring that the housing market is strengthened (Senate Report, 2013). According to United States (2013), this federal agency is principally charged with the responsibility of programs dealing with national housing demands. It also ensures that the housing opportunities are fair and that the nation’s communities are developed and significantly improved. This agency was created to undertake the following functions: The agency seeks to ensure that the principal programs of the department are administered with the objective of extending assistance on matters pertinent to housing. The agency further provides assistance when it comes to national communities’ development. The agency partners with localities and different states in its quest to promote community development and housing. These partnerships ensure that service delivery is effective, fast and efficient and is done in accordance to the clearly stipulated mission and objectives. They tap the power derived from synergy. Another important function of the agency is to promote optimum contribution through mortgage lending firms and rigorous private-based homebuilding. These may be in the